Space Songs Track 1: A Little Zoom 2:11 Zoom a little zoom in a rocket ship, Off we go, on trip! Heading for the moon at a rocket clip, re gonna zoom zoom, Rocket! Zoom a little zoom now we re almost free, From the Earth s gravity. Zooming to the moon at terrific speed, Because there is no Friction! Soon we ll see if the moon is made out of green cheese, Ha ha ha ha! Zoom! We re here at the moon, s see what the moon is like. Look at those high mountains and wide craters and jagged peaks! And look at that great big moon up there! That isn t the moon! That s our Earth! Oh we ve landed! I feel so light! Watch me jump! 30 feet! A world record! Oh, that s easy on the moon. Keep you re suit on! Remember there s no air around here Zoom a little zoom in a rocket ship, Home we go, on trip! Coming back to Earth at a rocket clip, re gonna zoom zoom, Rocket! Zoom we ll see if the moon is made out of green cheese Ha ha ha ha! Zoom! We re here at the moon, s see what the moon is like. (Chorus) Track 2: What Is The Milky Way? 2:06 What is the Milky Way? Starts along the rim of our galaxy. Billions of stars they say, Make the Milky Way a delight to see. There are many billions of galaxies, Each of them with billions of stars. Could it be that somewhere among all these, There s another planet like ours? Our galaxy is a flat spiral, composed of billions of starts. The nearest galaxy to ours is a million light years away. The farthest we can see are about a billion light years away. And somewhere among the billions of galaxies, there could be planets like ours, with life on them. What is the Milky Way? Stars along the rim of our galaxy. Billions of stars they say, Make the Milky Way a delight to see. There are many billions of galaxies, Each of them with billions of stars. Could it be that somewhere among all these, There s another planet like ours? Track 3: Constellation Jig 2:06 In olden times, people imagined bears and lions, gods and people in the sky. They thought they saw winged horses and wriggling snakes, sailboat, and beautiful maidens. They invented interesting stories to explain how those constellations got there. That s how the constellations got their names. Today, astronomers use them to locate the stars. Wouldn t it be heavenly to know the constellations? Scan the skies and recognize their names and their locations. Though their only figments of our own imaginations, Wouldn t it be heavenly to know the constellations? Hercules, Delphinus and Andromeda and Lyra., Pegasus and Sagita, Derado and Lycerta, Ursa Major, Ursa Minor, Cetus and Orion, I could name a dozen more if I were really tryin In the zodiac you find a dozen constellations. You can trace them in the sky just a little patience. Leo, Virgo, Scorpius, and Gemini, and Taurus. These are fine now who can name the other seven for us? Aquarius Sagittarius, Aires, Libra, Capricorn, Cancer, Pisces What determines what we see among the constellations? Atmosphere, the time of year, as well as their locations. Latitude and time of night are prime considerations. Each of them are factors when we see the constellations. Track 4: Beep, Beep 1:47 Beep beep! Beep beep! Here comes a satellite! Beep beep! Beep beep! And now it s out of sight! Beep beep! Beep beep! Around the Earth it goes! Beep beep! Beep beep! And that s how science grows! Beep beep! Beep beep! It photographs the skies! Beep beep! Beep beep! And makes us weather wise! Beep beep! Beep beep! It opens new frontiers! Beep beep! Beep beep! For future pioneers! Look at it whiz! It must go at least five miles a second or it will never stay up! Some can go around the Earth in an hour and a half! Beep beep! Beep beep! Around the Earth it goes! Beep beep! Beep beep! And that s how science grows! Track 5: Why Does The Sun Shine? 2:43 The sun is a mass of incandescent gas, a gigantic nuclear furnace. Where hydrogen is built into helium at a temperature of millions of degrees. Yo ho! It s hot. The sun is not A place where we could live! But here on Earth there d be no life without the light it gives! We need its light! We need its heat! We need its energy! Without the sun, without a doubt there d be no you and me. The sun is a mass of incandescent gas, a gigantic nuclear furnace. Where hydrogen is built into helium at a temperature of millions of degrees. The sun is hot It is so hot, that everything on it is a gas. Iron, copper, aluminum, and many others. The sun is large If the sun were hollow, a million Earths could fit inside. And yet, the sun is only a middle-sized star. The sun is far away About 93 million miles away that s why it looks so small. And even when it s out of sight the sun shines night and day! The sun gives heat, The sun gives light, The sunlight that we see. The sunlight comes from our own sun s atomic energy! Scientists have found that the sun is a huge atom-smashing machine. The heat and light of the sun come from the nuclear reactions of hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen and helium. The sun is a mass of incandescent gas, a gigantic nuclear furnace. Where hydrogen is built into helium at a temperature of millions of degrees. Track 6: What is a Shooting Star? 1:16 A shooting star is not a star, is not a star at all. A shooting star s a meteor that s heading for a fall. A shooting star is not a star, why does is shine so bright? The friction as it falls through air produces heat and light. A shooting star or meteor whichever name you like. The minute it comes down to Earth it s called a meteorite. A shooting star is not a star, is not a star at all. A shooting star s a meteor that s heading for a fall. A shooting star is not a star, why does is shine so bright? The friction as it falls through air produces heat and light. A shooting star or meteor whichever name you like. The minute it comes down to Earth it s called a meteorite. Track 7: Longitude And Latitude 2:17 Do you know what longitude latitude longitude Do you know what longitude latitude mean? Longitude, latitude Longitude, latitude Yes, I know what longitude, latitude mean. Latitude is the angular distance measured in degrees. It tells how far from the equator anyplace happens to be. North or south from the equator Wherever a place may be Latitude gives the angular distance scientifically. Do you know what longitude latitude longitude Do you know what longitude latitude mean? Longitude, latitude Longitude, latitude Yes, I know what longitude, latitude mean. Longitude is the angular distance measured in degrees. It tells how far from Greenwich, England anyplace happens to be. East or west from Greenwich, England Wherever a place may be Longitude gives the angular distance scientifically. (Chorus) What s longitude and latitude of my town? Why don t you look it up on a map? Track 8: It's a Scientific Fact 1:46 s a scientific fact A scientific fact. It has to be correct. It has to be exact. Because it is, because it is A scientific fact! s a scientific fact that our high and low tides are caused by the gravitational pull of the moon. s been proven to be true, Like one and one are two. s checked and double checked, A fact that can be backed. Because it is, because it is A scientific fact! s a scientific fact that there are belts of radiation in outer space, which are a hazard for future space travelers to overcome. s a scientific fact A scientific fact. It has to be correct. It has to be exact. Because it is, because it is A scientific fact! Well of course even scientific facts are not perfectly exact, but they are as exact as it is humanly possible to make them at the time. s a scientific fact A scientific fact. It has to be correct. It has to be exact. Because it is, because it is A scientific fact! Track 9: Ballad Of Sir Isaac Newton 2:53 There is no disputin There is no refutin re all indebted to Sir Isaac Newton. Because, because, because Sir Isaac discovered His genius uncovered The nature of natural law! For example, s simple , said he The First Law of Motion should be An object at rest tends to remain at rest, and an object in motion, tends to remain in motion, with the same speed and in the same direction. There is no disputin There is no refutin re all indebted to Sir Isaac Newton. Because, because, because Sir Isaac discovered His genius uncovered The nature of natural law! If an apple fall s down on your head, that is gravity. Sir Isaac said. It strikes me that all objects in the universe exert gravitational attraction upon each other. There is no disputin There is no refutin re all indebted to Sir Isaac Newton. Because, because, because Sir Isaac discovered His genius uncovered The nature of natural law! He illumined the subject of light, and showed an amazing insight. By passing a beam of sunlight through an opening in a darkened room, and into a prism, ladies and gentlemen, I believe we can see that white light is a combination of the seven colors of the rainbow. There is no disputin There is no refutin re all indebted to Sir Isaac Newton. Because, because, because He constructed a reflecting telescope Because, because, because He made great discoveries in the field of mathematics Because, because, because He discovered many of the laws on which physics and mechanics have been developed. Because, because, because Sir Isaac discovered His genius uncovered The nature of natural law! Naturally, he was a genius! Track 10: Friction 2:33 Friction, what is friction? Friction is the rub-a-dub-dub, rub-a-dub-dub of Objects that are moving and the rub-a-dub-dub contact is friction at work! Your shoes are made of friction material, s immaterial, what kind you wear. Walking or running, friction material Helps you in getting from here to there. Oh come now, you don t mean all parts of my shoes! No, only the parts that touch the ground. And by the way, did you know that cars couldn t move without friction? The tires couldn t grip the ground! Friction, what is friction? Friction is the rub-a-dub-dub, rub-a-dub-dub of Objects that are moving and the rub-a-dub-dub contact is friction at work! Friction is greater on rougher surfaces On smoother surfaces, friction is less. Oil is quite useful, for many purposes, Speaking of fraction, what is your guess? Oil smoothes the surfaces, and reduces the friction. Friction, what is friction? Friction is the rub-a-dub-dub, rub-a-dub-dub of Objects that are moving and the rub-a-dub-dub contact is friction at work! Our little planet, whirls into outer space Out there in outer space, friction is nil. That s why our planet, maintains a whirling pace Whirling and twirling, it won t stand still. Friction, what is friction? Friction is the rub-a-dub-dub, rub-a-dub-dub of Objects that are moving and the rub-a-dub-dub contact is friction at work! Track 11: Why Are Stars of Different Colors? 1:53 Some stars are yellow, some are blue, Some are red, and some are white. The color of each star it s true, Depends upon its Fahrenheit. The color of a star, you can be sure, Is mostly due to its temperature. The temperature is measured by -- Can you guess? Yes you re right! Measured by its Fahrenheit. Red stars are cooler than the yellow Yellow cooler than the white. The color of each star above Depends upon its Fahrenheit. The color of a star, you can be sure, Is mostly due to its temperature, The temperature is measured by Can you guess? Yes you re right! Measured by its Fahrenheit. There are many kinds of stars. Some are red giants. Some are blue giants. Some are white dwarfs. Some are medium sized and yellowish-white like our sun. Some stars are dark, and give no light. And astronomers think that stars change. They start young, grow old, and they finally die out. Track 12: Why Do Stars Twinkle? 1:59 Why do the stars twinkle at night? Why do they have a twinkly light? The light of the stars is steady and clear, But we see the stars through the atmosphere. The atmosphere has layers of air, The layers keep moving from here to there. Because of the different temperatures, The layers keep moving from here to there. The air moves in, The air moves out, And tosses the light of the stars about. The moving air bends the light, And that s why the stars twinkle at night. The stars twinkle because they are tiny bright points of light. The planets do not twinkle because they are much closer and have a noticeable size. The air moves in, The air moves out. And tosses the light of the stars about. The moving air bends the light And that s why the stars twinkle at night. Track 13: What Is Gravity? 2:35 How much do you weigh? About a hundred and five pounds. That s because the Earth s gravity pulls you downward with just that amount of force. How much would I weigh on the moon? The moon is much smaller than the Earth, so you d weigh about 18 pounds. Hmmm. I think I ll stay right where I am. Gravity will help you do just exactly that. Gravity! Gravity! All matter has a force that pulls things toward its core. Gravity! Gravity! Is what we call that force. If the Earth is a ball, Why don t we fall off While it spins around? If the Earth is a ball, Why don t we all Go flying off the ground? Well the Earth has force that pulls and draws all matter towards its core And the pull of the force called gravity is why we don t fall off. Gravity! Gravity! All matter has a force that pulls things toward its core. Gravity! Gravity! Is what we call that force. Well the Earth is so large, That each little part Appears to be quite flat. But the Earth is a ball, And we never fall Off due to a simple fact. There s the force that draws you toward its core No matter where you re at. And before you fly from the face of the Earth There s a force to counter-act. Gravity! Gravity! All matter has a force that pulls things toward its core. Gravity! Gravity! Is what we call that force. Track 14: Planet Minuet 1:42 High above us way up yonder, Planets wander through the starry skies. While we gaze at them and ponder, They just wander on. Stars appear to blink and twinkle But the planets have a steady glow Are the stars and planets different? And what makes them so? High above us way up yonder, Planets wander through the starry skies. While we gaze at them and ponder, They just wander on. Which is the biggest? Jupiter! Which is the brightest? Venus. Which one has a ring? Saturn. Which one is most likely to support life? Mars. Which one is nearest the sun? Mercury. Which is the one we love the best? Good old Mother Earth! High above us way up yonder, Planets wander through the starry skies. While we gaze at them and ponder, They just wander on. Track 15: Why Go Up There? 1:47 Why do we all want to be up there? Up there? Up there? What is there to do or see up there? Up there? Up there? Outer space is the place where we ll trace the future. There s a lot of who knows what away up there. Up there. Now that I think of it, why do we want do we want to be up there? Because we re people, members of the human race. We thirst for knowledge. We want to know. And we do know that new frontiers and new discoveries are waiting for new pioneers and scientists away up there. Outer space is the place where we ll trace the future. There s a lot of who knows what away up there! Up there! Up there! Energy and Motion Songs Track 16: What is Energy (Part 1)? 1:00 What is energy? Energy is the ability to do work. The ability to cause motion and change. To understand the fundamental facts of energy, You must have a working knowledge of its terminology. From atoms down to x-rays sing along and learn with me, The ABCs and XYZs of energy. What kinds of energy are there? There s nuclear, mechanical and solar energy, And electrical and chemical and radiant and heat. There s light and there s magnetic and that s quite enough for me. cause that makes nine different kinds of energy. There are more of course, but we won t go into that now. Track 17: Grand Coulee Dam 1:48 Can energy change from one kind to another? Yes, energy can change from one kind to another. For example, water power can be changed into mechanical energy, and from that into electrical energy. Would you like to see how it happens? Let s take a quick trip to the Grand Coulee Dam. They ve gotta lotta water at the Grand Coulee Dam! They use a lotta water at the Grand Coulee Dam! They need a lotta water at the Grand Coulee Dam! To turn a lotta turbines at the Grand Coulee Dam! They change water power! The turbines are a-hummin Change water power! The power keeps a-comin Change water power! The great generators, Make electric current at the Grand Coulee Dam! The turnin of the turbines at the Grand Coulee Dam Is turnin generators at the Grand Coulee Dam And turnin water power at the Grand Coulee Dam Into electric current at the Grand Coulee Dam Can energy change from one kind to another? Yes, energy can change from one kind to another. For example, water power can be changed into mechanical energy, and from that into electrical energy. Would you like to see how it happens? Let s take a quick trip to the Grand Coulee Dam. They turn mechanical energy, Into electrical energy, When they make electric current, At the Grand Coulee Dam! Track 18: E-lec-tri-city 3:15 E-lec-tri-city E-lec-tri-city A wonderful kind of energy That s e-lec-tri-city. Si! Si! s the kind of energy, You can change so easily! You can change it into heat in a heater, Change it into light in a lamp. Change it into motion in a motor. Change it into sound in a phone. E-lec-tri-city E-lec-tri-city A wonderful kind of energy That s e-lec-tri-city. Si! Si! Si! Si! s the kind of energy We produce so easily You can make it with a steam or water turbine, Make it when the generator turns, Make it with a simple storage battery, Make it with a photoelectric cell! E-lec-tri-city E-lec-tri-city A wonderful kind of energy That s e-lec-tri-city How would modern living be, without electricity? It would be terribly inconvenient to say the least! Can you imagine what modern living would be like without electric lights? Bells and clocks, heaters and refrigerators? Vacuum cleaners, washers, driers, freezers fans and elevators? Radios and TV sets, hi-fi phonographs, motion pictures, x-rays and the telephone and telegraph? Electric motors and machines for home and farm and industry? Our modern world is resting on electricity! s essential in today s transportation, Vital if you want light and heat. Necessary in communication, Indispensable mechanically. E-lec-tri-city E-lec-tri-city A wonderful kind of energy That s e-lec-tri-city Track 19: Engines 1:16 Now, tell us something about engines. Rocket or turbine or gasoline, Three different kinds of engines. Rocket or turbine or gasoline, All have a similar function. They convert energy for machines, Separately or in conjunction. Providing mechanical energy is an engine s primary function. Providing mechanical energy is an engine s primary function. Engines burn fuel, chemical energy, to create heat, heat energy. The heat makes gasses expand and exert force to cause motion, mechanical energy. In a gasoline engine, the fuel explodes inside closed spaces called cylinders, and forces moving parts, called pistons to move down and up. This motion makes the wheels turn. Providing mechanical energy is an engine s primary function! Track 20: Solar Energy 1:53 Long, long ago the world began. Long, long before the time of man. Even then the sun was shining, Shining on the Earth below.. Plants nourished by the sunlight, Flourished on the land and sea. And in time Hosts of living creatures Came to be. Now long ago is far away, How do we need the sun today? If somehow the sun stopped shining, What would happen here below? Plants from the Earth would vanish, Vanish from the land and sea. And in time, Every living creature Would not be. Track 21: Energy in Roundabout Ways 2:28 Leaves of plants use energy from sunlight to make food. This process is called photosynthesis. Animals and people feed on the plants and obtain the energy they need. Sunlight also keeps the surface of the Earth warm, and makes it possible for us to exist. In fact, almost all of the energy we use on Earth comes from the suns rays. And, almost all of the energy we get from the sun comes in roundabout ways. In roundabout ways, The sun gives energy, In roundabout ways, The sun s energy has been stored in the past, In the plants and in animal bodies. Time marches on they are coal, oil and gas. Energy in roundabout ways. Ancient plants and animals died, and were buried under Earth and sea. Their fossil remains were changed into coal, oil, and gas. Today we use these fuels as energy sources for our modern civilization. In roundabout ways, The sun gives energy, In roundabout ways, The energy in moving water and wind Has been brought into play by the sunlight. Energy from wind and water becomes Energy in roundabout ways. Sunlight heats the oceans, and makes the water evaporate. Later, this water falls as rain to form rivers and create water power. Winds are also created by the heating of the earth. The energy of wind can push sailboats, turn windmills, and operate electric generators on farms. In roundabout ways, The sun gives energy, In roundabout ways Track 22: What is Energy (Part 2)? 1:01 With the discovery of atomic energy, scientists have found that matter can be changed into energy, and energy can be changed into matter. But even though matter and energy may change their form, the total amount in the universe remains the same. The law of conservation speaking universally, Says you can t increase or decrease the amount of energy. Though energy may change its form and does it constantly, You can t increase or decrease, the quantity. Though energy may change its form and does it constantly, You can t increase or decrease, the quantity. Track 23: Kinetic and Potential Energy 1:59 The rolling boulder crashing down the mountain, That s kinetic energy. Kinetic! The boulder sitting high upon the mounts, That s potential energy. Potential! Energy in motion is kinetic! Energy that s waiting is potential. But whether it s kinetic or potential, Both of them are energy. Ol You stretch a rubber band and then release it! That s kinetic energy. Kinetic! You stretch a rubber band and then you hold it! That s potential energy. Potential! Energy in motion is kinetic! Energy that s waiting is potential. But whether it s kinetic or potential, Both of them are energy. Ol The heat that comes when gasoline is burning, That s kinetic energy. Kinetic! The energy that gasoline has stored up, That s potential energy. Potential! Energy in motion is kinetic! Energy that s waiting is potential. But whether it s kinetic or potential, Both of them are energy. Ol Track 24: Jets 1:38 In a jet plain, hot gasses shoot out of the back at great speed. Energy for the motion of the gasses is supplied by the burning of fuel. The action of the rushing gasses causes an equal and opposite reaction, which sends the jet plain forward. And that s how a jet plane flies. The law of motion applied to jets, Is simply action and reaction. The zooming power the engine gets, Is simply action and reaction. The gas compressed inside the engine Pushes out in all directions Sideward thrusts are equalized And can t escape from a jet. Gas exhausted through the engine Brings an opposite reaction Gives the jet is forward thrust That s all there is to a jet! The law of motion applied to jets, Is simply action and reaction. The zooming power the engine gets, Is simply action and reaction. Newton said it. Give him credit. His law of motion still applies! For every action, there is an equal an opposite reaction. And that s how a jet plane flies! Track 25: Ultra Violet and Infra Red 2:32 Among the many kinds of light rays, There s one called ultraviolet. And when you re thinking of this light ray, Here s one thing you should not forget. Ultraviolet rays are important in fluorescent lights, and they also cause sunburn. Among the many kinds of light rays, There s also one called infrared. And when you re thinking of this light ray, This fact should linger in your head. Infrared rays are very useful in broiling food, and for our heating. Ultraviolet and infrared! Ultraviolet and infrared! Among the many kinds of light rays, There are ultraviolet and infrared. And what are the others? The spectrum of visible light ranges from red to violet. On one side of the spectrum are the infrared rays. On the other side are the ultraviolet waves. These are a small part of a much larger spectrum of electromagnetic rays. The complete spectrum of electromagnetic waves ranges from radio and TV waves through infrared, to light, ultraviolet, and then to x-rays, gamma rays, and cosmic rays at the opposite end. Ultraviolet and infrared! Ultraviolet and infrared! Among the many kinds of light rays, There are ultraviolet and infrared. Track 26: What is Chemical Energy? 2:39 A fire releases heat energy, light energy, smoke, and gasses. All materials are made up of tiny particles, called molecules. When a chemical like wood is burned, it s molecules rearrange themselves to form new combinations. A lot of motion and commotion of molecules results. This is heat. Electrons jump from orbit to orbit inside the atoms. This causes the light. Mama mia! What is this chemical energy? Mama mia! What do they mean by that? Hey bambino! Why do you make it tough for me? Hey okay I ll try to answer that. When wood is being burned, and it s combined with oxygen, Then in the form of heat, it s giving off energy. The energy released when particles of matter change. The energy released is chemical energy. Mama mia! What is this chemical energy? Hey bambino! What do you mean by that? Mama mia! Why do you make it tough for me? Hey okay I ll try to answer that. Each time you light a match, or spark a motor s gasoline, The energy released, is chemical energy. The energy released when particles of matter change. The energy released is chemical energy. Hey bambino! What is this chemical energy? Mama mia! What do you mean by that? Hey bambino! Try to explain it now to me? Hey okay I ll try to do just that. When wood is being burned, and it s combined with oxygen, Then in the form of heat, it s giving off energy. The energy released when particles of matter change. The energy released is chemical energy. Track 27: How Do We Measure Energy? 1:06 How do we measure energy? In foot-pounds, foot-pounds. How do we know when it gets to be? A foot-pound, foot-pound. The energy expended by lifting one pound one foot high That s one Foot-pound. That s one Foot-pound. The foot pound measures energy! Pick up an object from the ground! Easy does it. Say that the object weighs ten pounds. Ten pounds, ten pounds. Lift up the object four feet high, ten by four you multiply That s forty Foot pounds The foot-pound measures energy! The foot-pound measures energy! Track 28: Motion, Motion Everywhere 2:04 A rock looks so still. But is it? The rock is made of tiny, invisible particles called molecules. These molecules vibrate rapidly. The molecules are made of atoms. In the atoms, electrons whiz around at tremendous speeds. There is plenty of motion in the rock, and in everything else. And that motion is energy. Stars and waterfalls, Motors and bouncing balls, Sunlight and sound and air. Moving continually, Are proving conclusively, Motion, motion everywhere! Rocks and minerals, Insects and animals, Have one thing that they all share. Moving continually, Are proving conclusively, Motion, motion everywhere! Clouds and jumping beans, Roses and evergreens, Dishes and silverware, Moving continually, Are proving conclusively, Motion, motion everywhere! Take a look at me, What are you sure to see? Muscle, skin, and teeth and hair. Moving continually, Are proving conclusively, Motion, motion everywhere! Track 29: Thumbnail Sketch of Atomic Energy 1:40 Here s a thumbnail introduction to atomic energy Here are some important highlights of atomic history. From the x-ray and electron and the Quantum Theory, Down to Einstein and his formula for mass and energy. Hip-hooray! We ve got atomic energy! It could mean a better world for all! Hip-hooray! For those who made it come to be They represent the main events and heroes great and small: 1896, France: Henri Beckerel finds that Uranium ore is radioactive. 1905, Switzerland: Albert Einstein shows that matter and energy are equivalent. E = mc2. 1913, Denmark: Neils Bohr explains how atoms emit light as electrons jump from higher orbits to lower ones. 1938, Germany: Otto Hahn and Fritz Strassmann split the Uranium atom. 1942, The United States of America: Enrico Fermi builds the first atomic pile, and shows that atomic energy is practical. Hope and Pray, we use the power constructively. To bring about a peaceful world for people great and small. Experiment Songs Track 1: It's a Magnet 2:07 Dorothy, you re on! With your kind permission we would like to say Hello And to entertain you with a scientific show. What s the first attraction? Would you really like to know? Yes! What s the first attraction? It s a magnet! Ladies and gentlemen Here s the kind of magnet that is called a bar. North and south are marked on the magnet. If you re ever lost and wonder where you are, Just hang a magnet from a string and Presto! Change-o! The magnet becomes a compass! s the kind of magnet that we say is permanent. It can do so many things and with your kind consent. We would like to show you in our first experiment, What s the big attraction in a magnet? Observe the magnet in my hand, ladies and gentlemen. Also, observe the collection of things on the table. I bring the magnet to a nail. Is the nail attracted to the magnet? Yes! That s because it s made of iron. Here s a penny. Is it attracted to the magnet? The penny is made of copper. Will the magnet attract this paper clip or this safety pin? Yes! That s because they both contain iron. How about this rubber band? What else is attracted to a magnet? Try it yourself and find out! Magnet are attractive but it s time to move along, And to put a happy ending to the magnet song. When we ask the question give the answer loud and strong. Ready? What s the big attraction? s a magnet! Track 2: Vibration 1:50 Wrap a rubber band around an empty shoebox, Listen, listen: You hear nothing. Strike the rubber band with your finger quickly, Listen, listen: You hear something. Now the rubber band s in motion, And that motion is vibration. You can hear the sound of that vibration Carried by the air. Vibration Vibration Vibration is what causes sound. Vibration Vibration Vibration causes sound. Now Tony and his guitar will show you how to control the pitch of a sound by changing the vibration. He raises the pitch by tightening the string. He lowers the pitch by loosening the string. He raises the pitch by shortening the string with his finger. He lowers the pitch by lengthening the string with his finger. He raises the pitch by using a light string. He lowers the pitch by using a heavy string. Boys and girls you ve just heard a scientific demonstration which proves that the pitch of a sound is changed by changing the vibration. (Chorus) Track 3: We Know The Air Is There 2:46 Get a balloon and blow. Fill it full of air. When it s blown up then we know That the air is there. Hi ho fiddleedee We don t see the air Hi ho fiddleedee Still we know it s there. Take a balloon and go. Find a scale somewhere Weigh it empty weigh it full Find the weight of air. (Chorus) Get the balloon and blow How big will it get? Let it go and air will flow s flying like a jet. (Chorus) Now we can see the wind blowing papers and moving the branches of trees, and we can feel a strong wind push us. And in a fast moving automobile, we can feel the air go by as it s pushed aside. (Chorus) Track 4: We're Making Heat 1:52 Rub your palms, Rub your palms, Rub your palms together. Rub them hard, Very hard, Feel them getting warm. Rub them hard very hard Till they are very warm Hi ho! Whaddaya know! This trick is neat! Hi ho ! Whaddaya know! We re making heat In the winter time you rub your hands together to warm them. And long ago Indians rubbed two sticks together to start a fire. But today we start a fire by rubbing a match against rough paper. And this rubbing is called friction. Friction always causes heat! Rub your palms, Rub your palms, Rub your palms together. Rub them hard, Very hard, Feel them getting warm. Rub them hard very hard Till they are very warm Hi ho! Whaddaya know! This trick is neat! Hi ho ! Whaddaya know! We re making heat We also get heat from the sun s rays, from steam in radiators, from Burning something like coal, or oil or gas, and from electricity. Ah but my favorite way is making it myself. Rub your palms, Rub your palms, Rub your palms together. Rub them hard, Very hard, Feel them getting warm. Rub them hard very hard, Till they are very warm. Hi ho! Whaddaya know! This trick is neat! Hi ho ! Whaddaya know! We re making heat Track 5: Ice Is A Solid 1:50 Ice is a solid, water is a liquid. Water vapor is a gas! That s what they say that s what they say. s find out for ourselves today. Get a piece of ice and put it in a pan. Put it in a pan in the sun. Wait a little while then another little while. See what the sun has done. The heat of the sun has melted the ice, And changed it into water. Now we have the water, water in the pan Water in the pan, in the sun. Wait a little while, then another little while. See what the sun has done. If we wait a day or so we will find that the water has disappeared, And the pan is empty. The heat of the sun has changed the water into water vapor, A gas that has escaped into the air. Ice is a solid, water is a liquid. Water vapor is a gas! That s what we say that s what we say. We proved it to ourselves today. Track 6: Why Do I Have A Shadow? 2:30 I have a little shadow shadow. I have a little shadow that looks a lot like me. m very very glado glado m very very glado it keeps me company. It tags along when I play ball I run it runs. I crawl it crawls. Sometimes it s tall sometimes it s small. Sometimes it isn t there at all. Why do I have a shadow? shadow. How did my little shadow ever come to be? Shadow it looks a lot like me. Glado it keeps me company. I have a shadow too. Why do I have a shadow? When the sunlight meets your body it cannot pass through. Then you body casts a shadow right in back of you. If your turn around you ll see your shadow at your feet. And when the sun is high above, how small it gets to be. Why is that? When the sun is directly above you the sunlight is blocked only by your head and shoulders, so the shadow is small. But when the sun is low in the sky your entire body blocks the light. Also from this position the shadow spreads out along the ground so it is bigger. Every shadow is a dark spot. And it s clear to see. Your shadow looks a lot like you. Mine takes after me. Aren t shadows lots of fun? Track 7: Rocks And Gems And Minerals 1:21 Rocks and gems and minerals. Rocks and gems and minerals. Any one can have some fun, With rocks and gems and minerals. What s a rock? And what s a gem? How do you distinguish them? What s a gem? And what s a rock? If you know the answer knock. [Knock Knock Knock] Now rocks are made up of one or more minerals. And gems are certain kinds of rare and valuable rocks. There are different kinds of rock think of some before you knock. Do you know some kinds of rock scratch you head and give a knock. [Knock Knock Knock] Granite, sandstone, marble, slag, shale, limestone, lint, obsidian, feldspar. Good that s enough for now! How were the rocks formed? Well, some rocks like obsidian were formed from lava that came from erupting volcanoes. And other rocks like shale and sandstone were deposited in layers by rivers and on the sea shore. Other rocks like slate were formed in the earth by great heat and pressure Rocks and gems and minerals. Rocks and gems and minerals. Any one can have some fun, With rocks and gems and minerals. Track 8: The Earth Goes Around The Sun 2:39 The earth goes around the sun. La la la. The earth goes around the sun. La la la. Around and around and around and around. The earth goes around the sun. The moon goes around the earth. La la la. The moon goes around the earth. La la loo. Around and around and around and around. The moon goes around the earth. Stop and listen. It takes the moon about a month to complete one trip around the earth. A strange thing about the moon is that it always turns the same side toward us. The planets go round the sun. La la lee. The planets go round the sun. La la lee. Around and around and around and around. The planets go round the sun. Do stars go around the sun? Do stars go around the sun? Around and around and around and around. Do stars go around the sun? Stop and listen. Each star is like our sun and much farther away than any of our planets. The stars move but not around our sun. The earth goes around the sun. La la la. The moon goes around the earth. La la la . The earth and the moon and the planets too. They all go around the sun. Around and around and around and around. They all go around the sun. Ah but not the stars. s time for intermission boys and girls. Take a deep breath. Relax. And again. Once again. Ok intermission is over. The show must go on! Track 9: Why Is It Raining Raindrops? 2:31 Why is it raining raindrops? The water goes up and the water comes down. And we hear the raindrops all around. s raining! It s raining! s raining raindrops all around. The sunlight heats the water, Which rises in the air. The higher up it travels, The cooler it is there. The droplets come together, And form the clouds we see. Then all at once it s raining, Down on you and me. The water goes up and the water comes down. And we hear the raindrops all around. s raining! It s raining! s raining raindrops all around. Now the sunlight heats the ocean and changes some of the water into vapor, which then rises in the air and the winds blow the water vapor over land and sea and when the air is cooled the water vapor changes to droplets and the clouds are formed. The water goes up and the water comes down. And we hear the raindrops all around. s raining! It s raining! s raining raindrops all around. The water goes up and the water comes down. And we hear the raindrops all around. s raining! It s raining! s raining raindrops all around. Track 10: Where Does The Sun Go At Night? 1:16 Where does the sun go at night? It doesn t go anywhere. s just out of sight, But if your in the dark about day and night. This little song will show you the light. The earth spins around as it circles the sun. The sun that gives the earth its light. Each 24 hours it spins around once. That s why we have day and night. Day and night. Day and night. Year and season. Whether the weather is hot or freezin The earth goes around and that s the reason, We have day and night. The part of the earth that is facing the sun, Gets light as bright as bright can be. The part turned away from the sun gets none. Its as dark as night can be. Day and night. Day and night. Year and season. Whether the weather is hot or freezing. The earth goes around and that s the reason, We have day and night. We have day and night! Track 11: What's Inside Our Earth? 1:44 Our earth is like a great big grape fruit. 25,000 miles around. On the outside, land and water, And the atmosphere are found. Inside the earth there s rock and minerals. 25,000 miles around. Lighter rock is near the surface. Heavier rock is way deep down. The outer part is called the crust. The center is the core. From core to crust the earth is just a lot of rock and ore. Our earth is like a great big grapefruit 25,000 miles around. You could dig from here to China, If you could dig through the ground. But ya cant! Now there are many useful things inside the earth. Iron ore from which we get iron. Lead ore from which we get lead. Tin ore from which we get tin. Stone for building and clay for making bricks. We also get coal and gas and oil from the earth. In fact the earth is a giant storehouse of useful materials that make our lives more comfortable Our earth is like a great big grapefruit 25,000 miles around. You could dig from here to China, If you could dig through the ground. But ya can Track 12: Why Does The Sun Rise? 1:56 Where does the sun rise in the morning? Where does the sun rise? In the East. Where does the sun set in the evening? Where does the sun set? In the West. East is East and West is West. North is North and South is South. Where does the sun rise? In the East. Where does the sun set? In the West. Where do the birds fly for the summer? Where do the birds fly? To the North. Where do the birds fly for the winter? Where do the birds fly? To the South. East is East and West is West. North is North and South is South. Where do the birds fly? To the North. Where do the birds fly? To the South. East is East and West is West. North is North and South is South. Pointing they say is not the light. But when we play it s quite alright. Track 13: How Many Colors Are In The Rainbow? 1:25 Remember Vibgyor How many colors are in the rainbow? How many colors are in the rainbow? How many colors are in the rainbow? Count them and you ll see. Seven Violet, indigo, blue and green. Violet, indigo, blue and green. Violet, indigo, blue and green. Yellow, orange, and red. Seven colors are in the rainbow. Seven colors are in the rainbow. Seven colors are in the rainbow. Count them and you ll see. Seven Violet, indigo, blue and green. Violet, indigo, blue and green. Violet, indigo, blue and green. Yellow, orange, and red. Vibgyor. Remember Vibgyor. What does it mean? Vibgyor is the key to the rainbow. V-I-B-G-Y-O-R. Violet, indigo, blue, green, yellow, orange, red. Vibgyor now do you know it? Yes! Vibgyor. Violet, indigo, blue, green, yellow, orange, red. Vibgyor. Violet, indigo, blue and green. Violet, indigo, blue and green. Violet, indigo, blue and green. Yellow, orange, and red. Track 14: Who's Afraid Of Thunder? 2:02 s afraid of thunder? Thunder just a lot of noise. s afraid of thunder? Like the noise we make with toys. When the thunder comes with a boom boom boom, We get out our drums and we droom-toom-toom. When lightning flashes through the sky, It heats the air as it goes by. The air expands, and rushes back. And that what makes a thunder clap. s afraid of thunder? Thunder just a lot of noise. s afraid of thunder? Like the noise we make with toys. When the thunder comes with a boom boom boom, We get out our drums and we droom-toom-toom. When lightning flashes through the sky, It heats the air as it goes by. The air expands, and rushes back. And that what makes a thunder clap. Thunder is just a lot of hot air. s afraid of thunder? Thunder just a lot of noise. s afraid of thunder? Like the noise we make with toys. When the thunder comes with a boom boom boom, We get out our drums and we droom-toom-toom. Track 15: It's a Magnet, Reprise :40 Boys and girls, I hope you enjoyed our show. O Thank you. But even good things must end today. So With your kind permission we would like to say farewell We sincerely hope you liked our little show and tell. Here s a final question just before the final bell. Ready? What s the big attraction? It s a magnet! Weather Songs Track 16: What Makes The Weather? 1:16 What makes the lightning? What makes the thunder? What makes the rain and sleet and snow? What makes the weather? What makes the weather? What makes the weather come and go? Weather is made by the action of heat on water and on air. We live at the bottom of an ocean of air, An ocean of air, An ocean of air. We live at the bottom of an ocean of air, That s called the atmosphere. The atmosphere is made of dust and water vapor, And different kinds of gases like nitrogen and oxygen. The oxygen we re breathing in. The atmosphere protects us, From the burning sunlight. It also makes the weather. The snow and sleet and hail and rain are caused by air as I ll explain. Later We live at the bottom of an ocean of air. That ocean of air, has a motion of air, A motion of air in the ocean of air, We call the atmosphere. Track 17: Where Is The Stratosphere? 2:06 The atmosphere has several layers. Changes in weather occur in the lowest layer the troposphere. Above that is the stratosphere, which is relatively weather free. Then the ionosphere which contains electrified layers of air that reflect radio waves and make round the world communications possible. Beyond that is the mysterious rarified exosphere, Now being explored by Earth s satellites. Where is the stratosphere? Just above the troposphere. Where is the tropopause? It is in between. Where is the stratosphere? Under the ionosphere. Where is the exosphere? Highest on the scene. All together, all together they make up the atmosphere. All together, all together that s the atmosphere. Troposphere and stratosphere, ionosphere and exosphere. All together, all together that s the atmosphere. Where is the weather made? Where is all the weather made? Where is the weather made? In the troposphere. Where is the stratosphere? Just above the troposphere. Where is the tropopause? It is in-between. Where is the stratosphere? Under the ionosphere. Where is the exosphere? Highest on the scene. All together, all together they make up the atmosphere. All together, all together that s the atmosphere. Troposphere and stratosphere, ionosphere and exosphere. All together, all together, that s the atmosphere. Where is the weather made? Where is all the weather made? Where is the weather made? In the troposphere. Track 18: The Water Cycle Song 2:35 Heating by sunlight is the source of energy for all changes in the weather. This heat evaporates water from oceans, lakes, and earth and changes it into water vapor. The sun heats the earth and the oceans and lakes, And it causes the vapor to rise. As it rises it cools and condenses, And makes all the clouds that we see in the skies. All the clouds have been formed cause the land and sea were warmed, And the vapor goes up with the air. And you know that water evaporates, When you see those clouds up there. Evaporation and condensation. The water cycle the water cycle. Followed by precipitation. The water cycle the water cycle. The never ending cycle is taking place, All the time and every where. The rain and the hail and the sleet and the snow, Falling down on the land and the sea. Fill the lakes and the ponds and the rivers that flow, To the oceans continually. And the heat giving sun just repeats what it has done And the vapor goes up with the air. And you know that water can circulate When you see those clouds up there. Evaporation and condensation. The water cycle the water cycle. Followed by precipitation. The water cycle the water cycle. The never ending cycle is taking place, All the time and every where. Track 19: Why Does The Wind Blow? 2:18 Cold heavy air at the poles tends to fall and slide along the earth s surface to lift up the warm light air at the equator. Such a motion of air caused by heat is called a convection current. But this basic wind pattern is disrupted by the spinning of the earth, which causes all the northern air to veer to the right, and all winds in the southern hemisphere to the left. Why does the wind blowooouuu. Why does the wind blow shhhh. Why does the wind blowoooeee. Why does the wing blowffff. The Earth makes the air get warmer. Makes air lighter and as it does, The cool air pushes the warm air up. Now the cool air is where the warm air was. That moving air is called a wind, And everybody knows What the wind is called depends upon at the speed at which it blows. That s why the wind blows. That s why the wind blows. That s why the wind blows. That s why the wing blows. At eight miles an hour, it s just a breeze. Above 25 miles an hour, it s a gale. Above 64 miles an hour, it s blowin up a storm. Above 75 miles an hour, that wind is a hurricane. That s why the wind blows. That s why the wind blows. That s why the wind blows. That s why the wing blows. Track 20: How Are Clouds Formed? 1:47 When air is cool below its saturation point the water vapor in the air condenses. When the vapor in the air condenses, Then clouds are formed. Saturation, condensation bring about the cloud formation. Stratus or cumulus that s how the clouds are formed. When air is cool below its saturation point the water vapor in the air condenses. When the vapor in the air condenses, Then clouds are formed. Saturation, condensation bring about the cloud formation. Stratus or cumulus that s how the clouds are formed. When air is cool below its saturation point the water vapor in the air condenses. When the vapor in the air condenses, Then clouds are formed. Track 21: Warm Fronts, Cold Fronts 2:27 A front is the boundary between two masses of different kinds of air. Such air masses extend over distances of thousands of miles and determine the weather in a region for several days. The weather changes I ve been told. Hi ho the weather o! The weather changes I ve been told. It changes day by day! The weather changes I ve been told. Are caused by fronts both warm and cold. They cause the weather changes from day to day. The warm fronts the cold fronts a push n and a wander They cause the weather changes from day to day. A warm front will occur they say Hi ho the weather o! When warm air pushes cold away. It changes day by day! When warm air pushes cold away, A warm front is here but not to stay. Because the weather changes from day to day. The warm front s the cold fronts a push n and a wander They cause the weather changes from day to day. Barometer shows pressure s down Hi ho the weather o! A warm air mass has come to town. It changes day by day! A warm air mass has come to town, And rainy weather hangs around. Until the weather changes some other day. The warm fronts the cold fronts a push n and a wander They cause the weather changes from day to day. When cold air rides beneath the warm. Hi ho the weather o! The warm air cools and clouds will form It changes day by day! The warm air cools and clouds will form, And the can cause some thunder storms That s how the weather changes from day to day. The warm fronts the cold fronts a push n and a wander They cause the weather changes from day to day. Track 22: What Is Humidity? 1:04 Humidity is relative, but relative to what? If I were quizzed on what it is then I d be on the spot. So just in case ill save my face I ll look it up today. And then if someone brings it up I ll causally say: Humidity is the amount of moisture in the air. Relative humidity is the percentage of water vapor actually in the air compared to the most the air could hold at each temperature. Now when they say it s not the heat but the humidity. I won t be as hot and bothered as I used to be! Track 23: The Hurricane Song 1:46 A hurricane by any name still remains a hurricane. Beth, Cora, Esther, Jane, it s the same old hurricane. They get started in the tropics, In the ocean far from land. Through the summer tropic sunlight, Heats the water, there s no breeze. Air and water both get warmer, They get warmer day by day. Then the cool air starts a breeze, There s a hurricane is on its way. Warm air funnels inward, upward. Moving at increasing speed. Vapor cools and condenses, And the heavy clouds are formed. Cloud condensing heats the air and, Makes the air rise higher still. Wind increases and spirals inward. And the rain comes pouring down. Winds are raging as the air mass, Slowly moves across the sea. Edges towards the costal regions, Whipping waves up crazily! Though its eye is calm and gentle. s as wind at it can be. Hurricane hits farm and city. In its wake is tragedy. A hurricane by any name still remains a hurricane. Betty, Cora, Esther, Jane, it s still the same old hurricane. Track 24: Why Is It Hot In The Summer? 1:33 Why is it hot in the summer? Why is it cold in the winter? Why do we have the seasons? What can the reason be? The days in the summer. The days are much longer. The rays are much stronger. And shine more directly down on the earth. What rays? The sun s rays. Why is it hot in the summer? Why is it cold in the winter? Why do we have the seasons? What can the reason be? The days in the winter. The days are much shorter. The rays are more slanted. And shines less directly down on the earth. What rays? The sun s rays. The days in the summer. The days are much longer. The rays are much stronger. And shine more directly down on the earth. The days in the winter. The days are much shorter. The rays are more slanted. And shines less directly down on the earth. What rays? The sun s rays, fool. Track 25: Highs and Lows 1:13 High pressure cells called highs are areas of heavier air which are cold or dry or both. Such air passing over warmer ground brings clear weather because water droplets tend to evaporate. Low pressure cells called lows are areas of air which are warm or moist or both. Such air passing over cool ground condenses from below to form overcasts or steady rains. Unequal heating of the earth causes winds to circulate. The direction of the wind changes as the earth rotates, shifting masses of the air, whirling twirling swirling by, make the pressure cells up there, pressure cells both low and high. Unequal heating of the earth causes winds to circulate. The direction of the wind changes as the earth rotates, shifting masses of the air, whirling twirling swirling by, make the pressure cells up there, pressure cells both low and high. Track 26: What Makes Lightning? 1:38 What makes the lightning? It s a story in rhyme. Where the negatives and the positives make the heaven s shine. They were separated then when they accumulated, got together, and created lightning. Now ever little rain drop has some electricity. Both negative and positive electricity. And when the little drops get tossed through the air. The negatives and positives separate there. The negatives and positives separate. Go off to different places and accumulate. The bunches get bigger the attraction gets stronger. Till you just cant hold them back any longer Flash a bunch of charges are off and as they streak through the air a mighty electric current sweeps through the air. There s a heat and a flash as the charges dash between the clouds or the clouds in the earth to join the opposite charges there. Flash! Crash! That s lightning brother and that s positive. What makes the lightning? It s a story in rhyme. Where the negatives and the positives make the heaven s shine. They were separated then when they accumulated, got together, and created lightning. Track 27: Stratus And Cumulus 2:25 Stratus and cumulus are two basic classifications. Stratus and cumulus are classified by their formations. Clouds that are formed when the air current rises Piled up and puffy and flated. They are called cumulus, cumulus means piled up or accumulated. Stratus and cumulus are two basic classifications. Stratus and cumulus are classified by their formations. Clouds that are formed with out up and down movement. This information s the latest. Cooled without rising and sheet-like and layered. Sheet like and layered there status. Stratus and cumulus are two basic classifications. Stratus and cumulus are classified by their formations. Two other cloud forms are cirrus clouds, which are very high and thin, and nimbus which are heavy rain clouds. The prefix alto, meaning high, is also used to describe clouds as for example altocumulus and altostratus. Still other cloud forms that you can see in the sky are cumulonimbus, nimbostratus, cirrocumulus, and cirrostratus. Stratus and cumulus are two basic classifications. Stratus and cumulus are classified by their formations. Track 28: Snowflake, Snowflake 1:37 Looking at a snowflake with a magnifier we see a beautiful six sided flat crystal. Often star shaped with many branches. This happens because the tiny molecules of which water is composed have a characteristic shape. When the molecules join one by one in below freezing air they line up in regular order following their shapes and form a hexagonal crystal. Snowflake, snowflake what are you? A star shaped crystal how-dee-do. Snowflake how d ya get that way? It happened on a wintry day. Some water vapor in the air discovered it was freezing there. Found a tiny bit of dust and froze around that nucleus. Moving through the air it grew. Its molecules were added too. That six point crystal fell below. And here I am a flake of snow. Thank you snowflake now I see. How and why you came to be. Track 29: What Does the Glass of a Greenhouse Do? 1:22 What does the glass of a green house do? It lets the short solar rays pass through. The object in the house absorbs these rays and reradiate them as long heat rays. What does the glass of a green house do? It doesn t let the long heat rays pass through. Trapped by the glass they bounce back and forth. Reradiated and reabsorbed. Stay, stay long heat rays, warm up the house on cold, cold days. Stay, stay long heat rays, warm up the house on cold, cold days. The atmosphere is like a green house too. It lets most of the solar rays through. The surface of the earth absorbs these rays and reradiates them as long heat waves. There s vapor in the air. What does it do? It doesn t let the long heat rays pass through. Trapped by the vapor they bounce back and forth reradiated and reabsorbed. Stay, stay long heat rays warm up the house on cold, cold days. Stay, stay long heat rays warm up the Earth on cold, cold days. Track 30: What Is Climate? 2:25 What causes a desert climate? Hot dry air. What causes the hot dry air? Here is one way. Air goes up a mountain range cools as it rises. The moisture condenses and precipitates. As the air goes down the other side of the mountain, it is drier because most of the water has left it. The air heats up as it descends and water droplets tend to evaporate. The combination of hot dry air creates a desert. This is the way deserts are made in the western part of the United States. Latitude prevailing winds and ocean currents. Mountains and the nearest to the sea. Things like that determine what we call the climate. Determine what the climate of the place will be. What is the climate? It s the average weather in a particular area. What is the climate? It s the average weather over a period of time. Averages of temperatures and rain occurrence calculated scientifically. Things like that determine what we call the climate. Determine what the climate of a place will be. What is the climate? It s the average weather in a particular area. What is the climate? It s the average weather over a period of time. What is the climate? It s the average weather in a particular area. What is the climate? It s the average weather over a period of time. Track 31: What Makes Weather? (Reprise) :59 All over the earth today there are thousands of cooperating weather stations. Using barometers, hygrometers, anemometers, thermometers, rain gauges, and other instruments they gather valuable weather information. Scientists are cooling clouds to produce rain and using various methods to try to stop hurricanes. They are also obtaining valuable information from earth satellites. Meteorology, the science of weather, is opening new frontiers in weather prediction and control. And every day we are learning more and more about What makes the lightning? What makes the thunder? What makes the rain and sleet and snow? What makes the weather? What makes the weather? What makes the weather come and go? Nature Songs Track 1: Introduction to Nature Study 1:33 Come along with me to a land of beauty. Where the skylark sings to an open sky. Where the stately oak and the sweet smelling pine say, rest a while , to each passerby. Here well see how the seeds of plant travel. And learn the secret how a bird sings. ll find out why the leaves change their color, how rocks came too be, and other such things. Soon we ll discover what s in the ocean. How do fish swim? And how silk is made. We will uncover what is an insect and what is a mammal will be on parade. Come along with me to a land of beauty. While nature delights the heart and the eye, we will unfold her innermost secrets. And we ll know forever her how and her why. Track 2: Why Do Leaves Change Their Color? 2:02 Just like many people many trees takes a winter vacation. And in the fall they shed their leaves as part of the preparation. But before the leaves leave the tree, their colors change. Please tell me... Why do leaves change their color? Why do leaves change their color? Why do leaves change their color? Early in the autumn. All spring and summer chlorophyll, Makes the leaves a lovely green. And at a time of autumn s change the chlorophyll then leaves the scene. The leaves have other compounds too. That are till not now we couldn t see. Now these compounds come in view. And color the leaves upon the trees. That s why leaves change their color. That s why leaves change their color. That s why leaves change their color. Early in the autumn. Red and gold and orange too, Are the leaves upon the tree. Soon they ll say farewell to you, Then how bare the tree will be. Track 3: What Are The Parts of a Tree? 2:27 Trunk, roots, crown, bark, cambium. A tree has roots, a trunk, and a crown. The trunk grows up and the roots grow down. The roots grow down and spread all around. And hold a tree firmly in the ground. Hold a tree, hold a tree, hold a tree, hold a tree. Hold a tree firmly in the ground. The tree has roots, a trunk, and a crown. The trunk grows up and the roots grow down. The roots grow down and spread all around. And hold a tree firmly in the ground. Hold a tree, hold a tree, hold a tree, hold a tree. Hold a tree firmly in the ground. (Chorus) The roots also provide nourishment for the tree. How do they do that? The root hairs absorb large amounts of water and minerals from the earth. This water travels through the roots, through the trunk, and through the branches to the leaves. The leaves use it in making food for the tree. The minerals are used by the cells in other parts of the tree for new growth. The bark is the outer protective covering of the tree. Under the bark is the cambium from which new wood and bark grow. Trunk, roots, crown, bark, cambium. Track 4: What Is An Insect? 2:40 A cricket in a thicket said to a butterfly. They say we both are insects. O can you tell me why? O can you tell me why? The butterfly looked puzzled and scratched its tiny head. Because we are six legged? That s right , the cricket said. That s right , the cricket said. The cricket in the thicket then asked the butterfly. What else makes you an insect? And it got this reply. And it got this reply; For ladybugs and crickets, for bees and butterflies, For every adult insect, This little rule applies. This little rule applies: All insects have antennae, And special kinds of eyes. Their bodies all have three parts, Regardless of their size. Regardless of their size. Just then they spied a spider, beside the butterfly. That spider is not an insect They heard the cricket cry. They heard the cricket cry. The spider is not six-legged. As anyone can see. And it has no antennae, s not like you and me. s not like you and me. Farewell my little cricket, So long sweet butterfly, ve had a lovely meeting, Farewell, so long, goodbye. Farewell, so long, goodbye. Track 5: What Is A Mammal? 1:48 Mammals are warm-blooded and their temperatures always remain about the same in hot or cold weather. Cold-blooded creatures like snakes and frogs and insects and fish get sluggish when it s cold, and many of them can not stand the heat. The warm blooded animals have a great advantage in adjusting to different kinds of weather and climate. What is a mammal? Why anyone can tell you what a mammal is, Anyone who understands. Their warm blooded, have hair on their bodies, and suckle their young from mammary glands. A camel is a mammal and so is a cat. A dog, a lion, a rabbit and a bat. And a whale might seen like a fish to you, But a whale is really a mammal too. And then of course there is a chimpanzee. Well he s a mammal like you and me. A cow is a mammal and so is a horse, A deer and an elephant well of course. A sheep and a goat and a kangaroo, And many other we see at the zoo. It seems to me I ve named quite a few, How would you like to name some too? Go ahead name some Ummm hmmmmm. Ummm hmmmmm. Ugh huh. Now anyone can tell you what a mammal is, Anyone who understands. Their warm blooded, have hair on their bodies, and suckle their young from mammary glands. Track 6: How Do The Fish Swim? 2:27 Where do the fish swim? Fish swim in the water naturally. Where do the fish swim? Fish swim in the river and the sea. How do the fish swim? Fish swim with no motors and no sails. How do the fish swim? Fish swim with the movement of their tails. Fish have tails to push with, And fish have fins to steer with, And fish have nostrils eyes and ears to smell and see and hear with. How do the fish breath? Fish breath while they move or standing still. How do the fish breath? Fish breath through the action of their gills. Fish don t really breath the way we do. A fish gets its oxygen from the air dissolved in the water. It gulps in water and pushes it out past the gills. There, oxygen passes through thin walls of tiny blood vessels into the body. At the same time waste carbon dioxide is picked up from the blood vessels in the gills and goes out with the water. How do the fish breath? Fish breath on the move or standing still How do the fish breath? Fish breath through the action of their gills Track 7: Song Of The Rocks 3:26 We are all solid members of the rock family. re metamorphic, igneous, or sedimentary. m granite, I m agate, I m sandstone, I m soapstone. re flint, gneiss and gypsum and quartzite. m limestone. I m pumice. And I am mica schist. re both a bit of obsidian, and marble. We are all different branches of the same family tree, But we re all solid members of the rock family! Hey don t forget us! m quartz, I m slate, I m shale, I m hornblende! re cinnabar, hematite, talc! re metamorphic, igneous, or sedimentary, We are all solid members of the rock family! Which of you are the metamorphic rocks? We are! m slate! I m gneiss! I m schist! I m quartzite! We were formed when other rocks were squeezed and changed by heat and pressure in the earth. Which of you are the igneous rocks? We are! m granite! I m basalt! We re two of the igneous rocks. We were formed when molten rock solidified. And how about the sedimentary rocks? We are sedimentary rocks. Limestone! Sandstone! shale! We were formed when rocks were broken down by weathering and deposited in the layers in the rivers, lakes, and oceans. We are all solid members of the rock family. re metamorphic, igneous, or sedimentary. m granite, I m agate, I m sandstone, I m soapstone. re flint, gneiss and gypsum and quartzite. m limestone. I m pumice. And I am mica schist. re both a bit of obsidian, and marble. We are all different branches of the same family tree, But we re all solid members of the rock family! Metamorphic, igneous, or sedimentary, We are all solid members of the rock family! Track 8: The Birds Have A Language 3:07 The birds have a language that is their very own. A bird uses music to make it feelings know. The robin will sing out when he calls his mate. A baby peeps when the mother bird is late. When blue jays are angry, you hear them far and near. And mocking birds will mimic most any sound they hear. The birds have a language, a language of their own. A bird uses music to make its feelings know. A robin will sing out when he calls his mate, A baby peeps when the mother bird is late. When blue jays are angry you hear them far and near. And mocking birds can mimic most any sound they hear. Whippoorwill! Carolina wren! Screech owl! Bobolink! The birds have a language, a language of their own. A bird uses music to make its feelings know. Track 9: How Does A Bird Sing? 1:34 The song of a bird is a very pretty thing. But how in the world does a little birdie sing? At the bottom of its wind pipe a syrinx is located. The syrinx is a voice box and muscles regulate it. When air goes through the syrinx, its membranes are vibrated. And then the air is merry with the music it created. Ha ha ha And then the air is merry with the music it created. Track 10: What Does A Bird Have That I Have Not? 1:52 What does a bird have that I have not? Feathers. That s what. Contour feathers for flying, And downy for warmth, Colored feathers to attract a mate And to help them propagate. What does a bird have that I have not? An oil gland at the base of its tail feathers. That s what. When their feathers are ruffled, To get them tidy and cleaned, They comb their feathers with oil until they are waterproofed and cleaned. And furthermore among other things, A bird has a beak, a tail, and wings. A streamlined bodies that s built for flight, With hollow bones that are strong and light. And here and there little sacks of air attack to its lungs for air to spare! What does a bird have that I have not? A special kind of foot. That s what. Some of them have webbed feet, To help them when they swim. Some have feet that will help them hop, Or perch out on a limb. What does a bird have that I have not? Feathers, oil gland, beak, tail, hollow bones, air sacks, and wings, and a few other things. That s what. That what a bird has that I have not! Track 11: How Silk Is Made? 2:37 This is the way that silk is made, silk is made, silk is made. This is the way that silk is made by the little silk worm. A lady moth will lay her eggs, The farmer takes away her eggs, the farmer takes away her eggs, And puts them into storage. The farmer takes away her eggs and puts them into storage, In the spring the eggs are hatched in an incubator. Now the eggs of tiny worms, The worms are hearty eaters. They munch a bunch motherly leaves, And need a lot of feeding. This is the time when all they do is eat and grow the whole day food, Munch and crunch and while they chew, they keep a growing bigger. One day when they are kinda big and through with eating like a pig, They move around to find a twig to fasten their cocoons to. The farmer knows just what it means he rushes racks upon the scene. The worm will lack a bit of rack to fasten it s cocoon to. Now they begin to spin cocoons and here is how they do it. From the upper lip there comes a gluey gooey fluid. As the fluid hits the egg to silken thread it hardens. They spin and wind the silk they spin round and round their bodies. This is the way cocoons are spun, And after the cocoons are done. The processing is then begun, to make them into raw silk. The cocoons are sorted for color and soaked in water to soften the gum that holds them together then the cocoons are unwound and strands of several of them are joined together to form a thread. These treads are processed and combined to make stronger threads that may be woven into a variety of silk products such as satin, crepe, velvet, and brocade. This is the way that silk is made, Silk or satin or brocade. This is the way that silk is made, By the little silk worms. Track 12: What's In The Ocean? 1:52 What s in the ocean? What s in the ocean? What s in the ocean? What is there to see? Mud on the bottom. Waves on the surface. Fish in the middle. Swimming rapidly. King fish and cod fish. Sailfish and swordfish. Small fish and large fish moving restlessly. Herring for breakfast. Flounder for dinner. Sardines and tuna for the canary. What s in the ocean? What s in the ocean? What s in the ocean? What else can there be? Coral and sea plants. Lobsters and walruses. Snails, whales and turtles and other animals. What s in the water? Salt and magnesium, bromine and iodine and other minerals. What s in the ocean? What s in the ocean? What s in the ocean? That s enough for me. And me. Track 13: How Do The Seeds Of Plants Travel? 1:55 A seed contains a tiny plant, a supply of food, and a protective seed coat. The tiny plant is called an embryo and it the part of the seed that will grow into a plant. Elm and birch and maple trees, milkweed and dandelion, Have seeds that travel with the breeze, Travel rain or shine. Birds and other animals pick fruits right off the trees. And when they finish with the fruit, Drop and scatter seeds. Sailing, sailing where ever the breezes blow. The seeds of plants keep plating seeds everywhere they go. Sailing, sailing are tiny seeds of fruits. Some have wings and some have sails and some have parachutes. Squirrels bury nuts we low, And even little ants will carry tiny seeds that grow into great big plants. When you walk the seeds of weed will often will cling to you, And there are seeds that travel by plane and auto too. Sailing, sailing wherever the breezes blow. The seeds of plants keep plating seeds everywhere they go. Sailing, sailing are tiny seeds of fruits. Some have wings and some have sails and some have parachutes! Track 14: The Balance Of Nature 2:43 If it were not for the birds remember my pet, The balance of nature would be upset. The insects of the world would surly double, And the people of the world would be in trouble. The balance of nature must not be unbalanced. The balance of nature should be understood. If the balance of nature is ever unbalanced, What ever will happen will not be good. If it weren t for the snakes mice would multiply , And with out the algae, the fish would die. The flowers and the fruit need pollination, And the balance of nature consideration. The balance of nature must not be unbalanced, The balance of nature should be understood. If the balance of nature is ever unbalanced, What ever will happen will not be good. If too many trees are chopped down we have floods and soil erosion and a reduced water supply. If too many plants are destroyed the animals may not have enough food and oxygen. If too many animals are killed the minerals and carbon dioxide they supply to plants will be diminished. The balance of nature must not be unbalanced, The balance of nature should be understood. If the balance of nature is ever unbalanced, What ever will happen will not be good. More Nature Songs Track 15: Metamorphosis 1:43 What do we mean by metamorphosis, metamorphosis, metamorphosis. A certain kind of change is what it is, When it is a metamorphosis. We have an egg an egg that changes into a larva, The larva changes into a pupa. The pupa changes, and it s a butterfly at last! What do we mean by metamorphosis, metamorphosis, metamorphosis. I certain kind of change is what it is, When it is a metamorphosis. We have an egg, an egg that changes into an embryo. That also changes into a tadpole, That also changes, and it s a frog, a frog at last. That s what we mean by metamorphosis, metamorphosis, metamorphosis. A certain kind of change is what it is, When it s a metamorphosis. Track 16: How Does A Frog Become A Frog? 1:55 How does a frog become a frog? Squatting on a bump on a log o. How does a frog become a frog? Instead of a big pollywog o. How does a frog become a frog? Squatting on a bump on a log o. How does a frog become a frog? Instead of a big pollywog o. In the spring the frogs had mated, The female s eggs were expelled. Then the male frog fertilized the eggs, and said farewell. Soon the eggs were tiny embryos, The embryos became pollywogs. They had gills, had gills until they grew up into to frogs! That s how a frog becomes a frog, Squatting on a bump on a log o. That s how a frog becomes a frog, Instead of a bib pollywog o. Track 17: What Is An Animal? 2:23 Did you know that there are tiny one celled living things call protista, which have some qualities of both plants and animals? But all other living things are either animals or plants. Animals or plants? Animals or plants? What is an animal? What is a plant? What can the difference be? If you know what the difference is, Wont you please tell me? A horse is a horse and a snake is a snake, A fish is a fish and a bee is a bee. They re all different from each other, But they re all animals. A rose is a rose and a carrot is a carrot, An oak is an oak and the grass is a grass. They re all different form each other, But they re all They re all plants! What is an animal what is a plant? What can the difference be? If you know what the difference is Wont you please tell me Well, some of the differences are all animals feed on plants or other animals. But most plants make their food from carbon dioxide and water, and most animals are able to move about, while plants normally stay in one place, and the higher forms of animals have nervous systems and they respond quickly to changes around them. No plant has a nervous system and most of them respond slowly. But, both animals and plants are living things What is an animal what is a plant? What can the difference be? Now I know what the difference is Thanks for telling Thanks for telling me! Track 18: Bobo The Bear 1:54 Bobo the bear was preparing for the winter. Preparing for the winter when he would hibernate. Bobo the bear was preparing for the winter. Preparing for the winter he ate and ate and ate. Bobo looked for find a nook for sleeping, Found a nook where he curled up in the heap. While he slept his body needed feeding, His extra fat was used up while he was asleep. Winter sleep that we call hibernation, Helps to keep many animals alive. Bobo eats for his self preservation, All through the winter it helps him to survive. Bobo the bear was emerging from the winter, While he was busy sleeping he lost a lot of weight. Bobo the bear was emerging from the winter, Since he was very hungry he ate and ate and ate. He ate and ate and ate and ate and ate and ate and ate and ate and ate and ate and ate and ate and ate and ate and ate, and ate! Track 19: Song Of The Fossils 2:00 The fossils, the fossils, we re talking of fossils. What is a fossil its time that I knew. Some things I don t know one thing I do know, m not a fossil and neither are you. m not a fossil and neither are you. The fossils the fossils we re talking of fossils What is a fossil? I m still asking you Fossils are traces time freeze of traces, All plants and creatures that once lived and grew. A fossil is a preserved impression of an animal or plant that lived thousands or millions or billions of years ago. How were fossils formed? Sometimes dead animals were buried in mud and sand and underwater. After many years the mud or sand hardened into rock with the fossil shells or skeletons inside. In other cases footprints or imprints were filled in by mud and hardened into rock. Scientists can read the history of life on earth by careful study of the many different fossils that have been found. The fossils the fossils by reading the fossils, Its just colossal what science can do! Some things I don t know, one thing I do know: m not a fossil and neither are you. m not a fossil and neither are you. Track 20: How Does A Cow Make Milk? 1:42 How does a cow make milk I wonder? How does a cow make milk? Every cow has a milky way, And right now I m prepared to say A cow has glands and all those glands are a chemical factory Busily manufacturing lots of things she needs! She chews the grass and chews the grass and swallows down her throat. The glands make juice that help produce muscle bone and blood. And when the little calf is born to help the happy mother, A certain gland gets active and that gland is called the utter! The utter manufactures milk and when the calf is born Squirt, squirt a little squirt turns the faucet on. And when the calf is through with it, We get all the milk there is! Track 21: Eohippus 2:41 La la la la la la la la la la la la la la la la. There once was an animal called eohippus, What was an eohippus the dawn horse of course! The size of a fox, s front feet had four toes. s hind feet had three toes, It fed upon leaves. Eohippus lived about 50 million years ago. And was well adapted to living in the swamp-like forests. It could hide from it s enemies behind trees and in the shadows. Its teeth could chew the leaves of bushes and small trees. Then as time went by, eohippus changed La la la la la la la la la la la la la la la la. The few adaptations and new situations, Is now mesohippus a collie-sized horse. It still eats the leaves, But each or its four feet Now only have only three toes, Its hoof had begun. That was about 38 million years ago. And as more millions of years passed we found that mesohippus continued to evolve into a new variety of horse La la la la la la la la la la la la la la la la. With some variations as well as mutations, Is now merychippus a pony sized horse. Its teeth could chew grass. Though each foot had three toes, The one in the middle was more like a hoof. Merychippus roamed the plains about 20 million years ago. Its greater speed and size, as well its ability to chew, grass enabled it to survive. Then as still more time went by horse became even bigger and its hooves became more like those of the modern horse equus... La la la la la la la la la la la la la la la la. It took along time but the tiny eohippus evolved into equus, The modern day horse. The fossils reveal the documentation, And this is the end of the tail of the horse! But not the end of the evolution of the horse Track 22: The Conservation Song 2:40 We have the mountains and the forests and the rivers and the valleys, And the natural resources they contain. We have the natural resources, But the theme of my discourses, Just how long will those resources all remain? If we start a conservation, And practice conservation, There s no doubt that it will keep are nation strong. s my earnest observation that the entire population Join a chorus on the conservation song. With scientific crop rotation, And the proper irrigation, We can stop our soil from washing down the drain. We can increase reforestation, And reduce the conflagration, that are burning up the trees that do remain. (Chorus) We had to find the right solution For the problem evolution Poisoning the water and the air. And it s appropriate to mention, That an ounce of flood prevention, Would be worth a pound about of flood repair (Chorus) (Chorus) Track 23: Why Is The Sky Blue? 1:58 Why o why is the sky B L U E blue? ll T R Y to supply the scientific point of view. The sun sends out the sunlight. The sunlight looks like one light. But science says the sunlight has all the colors of the rainbow. The air let sunlight passes as dust and water droplets. They break the light and scatter The blue light that is in the sunlight. The dust and water droplets in the lower atmosphere Break up the light and scatter blue, The bluey sea from here, The scattering of blue light, Shows sunlight in a new light. That s why the sky is blue, And not the colors of the rainbow. At sunset when the sunlight passes through more atmosphere, The red light passes right on through And red sunsets appear. The reds are passing through light, But we still see the blue light That s why the sky is blue And not the colors of the rainbow! Track 24: What Makes A Rainbow? 2:08 Did you ever see a rainbow as it brightens up the sky? Did you ever stop to wonder bout a rainbow s how and why? ve often wondered about it but now I know! When the sunlight strikes the raindrops, Strikes the raindrops way up high Then the colors in the sunlight show a spectrum in the sky! By refraction and reflection and dispersion of the light, Little raindrops make a rainbow And it makes a lovely sight! And it makes a lovely sight! A rainbow may be seen when the sun is low in the sky in back of you, While a cloud or mist appears in front of you. Sunlight enters the droplets of water in the cloud, And is reflected from the back of the droplets towards your eyes As the rays pass from air into water and out again, they are bent, or refracted, at the same time colors in the white light are dispersed or spread apart into a spectrum. So when the light reaches your eyes you see the separate colors of sunlight of which the sunlight is composed. By refraction and reflection and dispersion of the light, Little raindrops make a rainbow And it makes a lovely sight! And it makes a lovely sight! Track 25: Let's Wander Through The Seasons 2:29 s wander through the seasons beginning with the spring, And see the lovely changes that changing seasons bring. ll see the snow flakes falling and hear the robin sing, As we observe the changes that changing seasons bring. The spring is filled with promise, the doors are opening. The seeds are being planted, the birds begin to sing. They re nesting and migrating and foraging for food. But living things the cycle of life is now renewed. In summer, days are longer and sunshine fills the sky. The trees and flowers blossom, and young birds learn to fly. For animals, the summer is the growing time of year. And people are so happy vacation time is here! The fall is filled with color the leaves are filled with gold, The birds are turning southward, the nights are turning cold. Then winter brings the snowflakes to cover sleeping things, Until the world awake ups to greet another spring! Track 26: Why Does a Bee Bzzz? 1:48 If someone should ever ask you why does a bee bzzz, All you have to say is bzz. Did you ever hear a honeybee go bzzz, bzzz, bzzz As it gaily wanders to and fro bzzz, bzzz, bzzz Did you ever hear a honeybee go bzzz, bzzz, bzzz As it gaily wanders to and fro bzzz, bzzz, bzzz No matter where it flies in a garden or a town, 400 times a second its wings go up and down! bzzz bzzz bzzz bzzz bzzz bzzz The tiny wings vibrating, make a humming sound, and start the air waves rushing to spread the sound around! Bzz bzz. Did you ever hear a honeybee go bzzz, bzzz, bzzz As it gaily wanders to and fro bzzz, bzzz, bzzz Honeybees gather nectar and pollinate flowers and make honey. The honey is made in the honey stomach, found only in the workers. Bzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz Hello little honey bee! Bzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz Good bye little honeybee! Track 27: What Are The Parts Of A Flower? 2:27 What are the parts of a flower? There are four important sections in a flower. In a flower. There are four important sections in a flower. In a flower. The calyx and corolla, the stamen and the pistil. There are four important sections in a flower. O the calyx is the section of a flower, of the flower. s the outer leaf protection of the flower, of the flower. The calyx is the section, whose function is protection. O the calyx gives protection to the flower. The corolla is the blossom of the flower. It provides the scent and the color of the flower. The color and the scent do exactly what they re meant to: Attract the birds and insects to the flower. There s a pollen-bearing organ in the flower, in a flower. There s a pollen-bearing organ in the flower, in the flower. s time we were explaining. the purpose of the stamen. s the pollen-bearing organ of the flower. Now, the pistil has the ovule for the seed. And the stamen has the pollen that it needs. The calyx and corolla, the stamen and the pistil: Every section has a function, yes indeed! These butterflies and other animals wander from flower to flower in search of nectar. Pollen clings them and is carried by them from one flower to another. This pollen changes the ovules in the flower into ripe seeds, then the seeds are scattered in many ways and start new plants growing. There are four important sections in a flower. In a flower. There are four important sections in a flower. In a flower. The calyx and corolla, the stamen and the pistil. There are four important sections in a flower. Track 28: The Face Of The Earth Is Changing 3:07 Changing, changing. The face of the earth is changing. Changing every day. Rivers flow and mountains grow, While others are wearing away. Changing, changing. The face of the earth is changing. Rivers flow and mountains grow, While others are wearing away. The earth is several billion years old. During that enormous period of time, Vast changes have occurred. Numerous earthquakes crack the ground And lifted the land to form mountains. Other mountains formed as lava poured out of volcanoes. Whole continents slowly sank and where engulfed by the oceans. And other times, submerged land rose and became continental regions. Rain, snow and wind eroded the mountains and created rivers valleys lakes and planes. The debris was carried to the oceans and deposited as sand mud or salts. New rocks formed under the sea as the sand and mud hardened while the ocean slowly became salty. These slow but sure changes are occurring right now. Changing, changing. The face of the earth is changing. Changing every day. Rivers flow and mountains grow, While others are wearing away. Changing, changing. The face of the earth is changing. Rivers flow and mountains grow, While others are wearing away. Changing, changing. Changing, changing.